Recursive trimmed filter in eliminating high density impulse noise from digital image

Advances in technology have made it easier to share media over the Internet. In the process of media sharing, a media may receive noise or interference that results in loss of information. In this paper, a new method to remove Salt and Pepper noise from images based on recursive method will be presented. The first stage is to recognize the noise from the damaged image, the damaged pixels will be replaced by the mean of the surrounding window, the difference with other methods is the use of recursive approach that aims to minimize the size of the window in the recovery process

An overview of multi-filters for eliminating impulse noise for digital images

An image through the digitization process is referred to as a digital image. The quality of the digital image may be degenerating due to interferences on the acquisition, transmission, extraction, etc. This attracted the attention of many researchers to study the causes of damage to the information in the image. In addition to finding cause of image damage, the researchers also looking for ways to overcome this problem. There are many filtering techniques that have been introduced to deal the damage to the information in the image. In addition to eliminating noise from the image, filtering techniques also aims to maintain the originality of the features in the image. Among the many research papers on image filtering there is a lack of review papers which are an important to facilitate researchers in understanding the differences in each filtering technique. Additionally, it helps researchers determine the direction of research conducted based on the results of previous research. Therefore, this paper presents a review of several filtering techniques that have been developed so far

A random exploration based fast adaptive and selective mean filter for salt and pepper noise removal in satellite digital images

The digital image is one of the discoveries that play an important role in various aspects of modern human life. These findings are useful in various fields, including defense (military and non-military), security, health, education, and others. In practice, the image acquisition process often suffers from problems, both in the process of capturing and transmitting images. Among the problems is the appearance of noise which results in the degradation of information in the image and thus disrupts further processes of image processing. One type of noise that damages digital images is salt and pepper noise which randomly changes the pixel values to 0 (black) or 255 (white). Researchers have proposed several methods to deal with this type of noise, including median filter, adaptive mean filter, switching median filter, modified decision based unsymmetric trimmed median filter, and different applied median filter. However, this method suffers from a decrease in performance when applied to images with high-intensity noise. Therefore, in this research, a new filtering method is proposed that can improve the image by randomly exploring pixels, then collecting the surrounding pixel data from the processed pixels (kernel). The kernel will be enlarged if there are no free-noise pixels in the kernel. Furthermore, the damaged pixels will be replaced using the mean data centering statistic. Images enhanced using the proposed method have better quality than the previous methods, both quantitatively (SSIM and PSNR) and qualitatively

Optimization of Renewable Energy Sources in the Development of a Military Microgrid at Indonesia Defense University

The availability of electricity is crucial for the smooth operation and administration of any institution, including the Republic of Indonesia Defense University. This study aims to investigate the implementation of the Military Microgrid, an innovative concept developed to increase the development of renewable energy sources for defense agencies. The researchers employed a qualitative approach, conducting interviews and gathering data from various sources, including relevant laws and regulations. Implementing the Military Microgrid system at the Indonesia Defense University presents a practical and sustainable solution to meet the university's electricity demands while promoting environmental sustainability. The initiative aligns with the Indonesian government's renewable energy goals and can serve as a promising solution for other institutions to follow. This concept has facilitated the exploration of environmentally friendly energy sources from nature, such as solar, water, waste, and biomass. The Military Microgrid is an effective solution to meet the demand for electricity in defense agencies while promoting the use of renewable energy sources. The implementation of Law No. 23 of 2019 concerning the Management of National Defense Resources has provided a legal framework for developing and implementing this innovative concept. This study highlights the importance of exploring and utilizing renewable energy sources to meet the growing demand for electricity in institutions especially military and defense institutions

RING MATRIKS ATAS RING KOMUTATIF

This paper discusses a matrices over a commutative ring. A matrices over commutative rings is a matrices whose entries are the elements of the commutative ring. We  investigates the structure of the set of the matrices over the commutative ring. We obtain that the set of the matrices over the commutative ring equipped with an addition and a multiplication operation of matrices is a ring with a unit element